Certificate of Insurance (COI): Complete Guide

Everything you need to know about Certificates of Insurance, how they work, and why the current system is fundamentally broken.

What is a Certificate of Insurance?

A Certificate of Insurance (COI) is a document that provides proof of insurance coverage and is used to verify that a business or individual has the required insurance policies in place

A Certificate of Insurance is essentially a summary document that confirms an entity has active insurance coverage. Think of it as a "snapshot" of your insurance policies at a specific point in time. According to the Insurance Information Institute, COIs are one of the most commonly requested business documents in commercial transactions.

The document typically includes:

policyPolicy types and limits

What coverage exists and how much

date_rangePolicy periods

When coverage begins and ends

businessInsurance carrier information

Who provides the coverage

personCertificate holder

Who is being provided the certificate

Legal Significance

While COIs themselves are not insurance contracts, they serve as critical evidence of coverage in legal and business contexts. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) notes that COIs are often required for:

  • Securing business contracts
  • Vendor qualification processes
  • Licensing requirements
  • Loan applications
  • Real estate transactions
assignment

Key Insight

COIs are not insurance policies themselves, but rather evidence that insurance exists. This distinction is crucial for understanding their limitations.

Source: Insurance Information Institute

How Certificates of Insurance Work

Understanding the COI process reveals both its utility and fundamental weaknesses in modern business operations

1

Request

Business requests COI from vendor, contractor, or partner to verify insurance coverage exists.

2

Generation

Insurance agent or broker creates COI document based on current policy information in their system.

3

Delivery

COI is delivered to requesting party, typically via email as a PDF document.

4

Review

Requesting party reviews COI for compliance with their insurance requirements.

The Traditional COI Workflow

According to research by the Risk and Insurance Management Society (RIMS), the average COI request takes 3-7 business days to fulfill, involving multiple stakeholders:

Stakeholder Role Typical Timeline
Insured Business Receives request, contacts agent/broker Same day
Insurance Agent/Broker Generates COI document 1-3 business days
Certificate Holder Reviews and approves COI 1-2 business days
Risk Management Files and tracks COI expiration Ongoing
warning

Process Inefficiency

Studies show that 40% of COI requests require multiple rounds of revision due to incorrect information or formatting issues.

Source: RIMS Benchmark Survey 2023

Types of Insurance Coverage on COIs

Understanding the different types of coverage typically shown on Certificates of Insurance

security

General Liability

Protects against claims of bodily injury, property damage, and personal/advertising injury. Most commonly required coverage.

  • • Typical limits: $1M-$2M per occurrence
  • • Required by 95% of contracts
work

Workers' Compensation

Covers employee injuries and illnesses arising from work-related activities. Required by law in most states.

  • • Statutory limits vary by state
  • • Required for companies with employees
directions_car

Commercial Auto

Covers vehicles used for business purposes. Essential for any business that operates vehicles.

  • • Minimum limits vary by state
  • • Often requires hired/non-owned coverage
computer

Professional Liability

Covers errors and omissions in professional services. Critical for service-based businesses.

  • • Typical limits: $1M-$5M
  • • Required for professional services
home

Property Insurance

Covers damage to business property including buildings, equipment, and inventory.

  • • Covers fire, theft, weather damage
  • • Required for facility leases

Certificate of Insurance Industry Statistics

Key metrics revealing the scale and challenges of COI management

schedule 5.2

Days to fulfill COI request

Source: RIMS Efficiency Study
error_outline 40%

Of COIs require revision due to errors

Source: Insurance Data Analytics
monetization_on $89K

Average cost per uninsured loss incident

Source: Commercial Insurance Claims
trending_up 23%

Annual increase in COI requests

Source: Industry Benchmark Report

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